LXC下Debian 12安装之后root登录，修改源，设置中文环境支持

ROOT登录

默认情况下，root 的 ssh 远程 shell 访问被拒绝。按照以下说明为 root 帐户启用 SSH 登录。

使用 nano 或您喜欢的任何文本编辑器以管理权限打开 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 文件。

nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

在此文件中，找到并更改以下行：更改自：#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password到PermitRootLogin yes

完成这项工作的快速方法是使用 sed 命令，如下所示：

sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

完成此更改后，保存文件，然后重新启动 SSH 服务以使更改生效。

systemctl restart ssh

默认情况下，系统未设置 root 密码，当尝试以 root 用户身份进行 SSH 登录时，会出现错误消息Permission returned,please try again。因此我们需要设置root的密码。出现提示时输入当前用户密码，然后输入新的 root 密码：

passwd root
[sudo] password for linuxconfig: 
Enter new UNIX password: 
Retype new UNIX password: 
passwd: password updated successfully

确保您的防火墙还允许端口 22（SSH 的默认端口）上的传入连接。

ufw allow ssh

最后，您可以使用 root 用户帐户登录 SSH。

$ ssh root@debian

安装 Debian 12
Debian 12可以直接下载ISO镜像安装通过Debian 11升级安装。
更新现有的软件至 Debian 11 的最新版本：
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

更换为国内镜像源

把 /etc/apt/sources.list 里面的内容全部注释掉，增加以下 Debian 12 的软件源：

国内常见镜像站点
Debian全球镜像站列表：https://www.debian.org/mirror/list 。

下面列出国内常用的镜像站点及 /etc/apt/sources.list 中的具体对应内容：

阿里云镜像站

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

腾讯云镜像站

deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

网易镜像站

deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

华为镜像站

deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

清华大学镜像站

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

中科大镜像站

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

设置完成后更新

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade -y

设置中文支持

安装语言包：首先需要确保系统中已经安装了语言包。可以使用 apt 工具来安装：
```
apt install locales
```
配置 locale：接下来需要配置系统的 locale 设置。运行以下命令打开 locale 的配置界面：
```
dpkg-reconfigure locales
```
在出现的列表中选择 zh_CN.UTF-8（使用上下箭头来移动，并使用空格来选择）。然后在下一个界面中选择 zh_CN.UTF-8 作为默认的 locale。
安装中文字体：你可能还需要安装一些中文字体。以下是一些常用的中文字体包
```
apt install fonts-wqy-microhei fonts-wqy-zenhei xfonts-wqy
```
配置输入法：如果你需要输入中文，你还可以安装并配置一个中文输入法。常用的中文输入法包括 Fcitx、IBus 等。以下是安装 Fcitx 和搜狗拼音输入法的示例：
```
apt install fcitx fcitx-sogoupinyin fcitx-config-gtk
```
安装完成后，你可以通过系统设置来配置输入法，或者运行 fcitx-config-gtk 来打开 Fcitx 的配置界面。
确保终端的编码正确：如果你是使用的终端远程连接到服务器，需要确保终端的编码方式也为 UTF-8 ，否则会出现中文乱码。
重启系统或重新登录：一般来说，在完成以上配置后，重启你的系统或重新登录即可看到中文环境已经生效。